TEXTILE INDUSTRY (2)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Kiswah a veil that covers the Kaaba. First introduced Kiswah since before the arrival of Islam. from the early days of Islam measuring 14 meters x 77 meters has decorated with embroidered gold and silver (and later Qur'anic verses), made with sophisticated tailoring shows each year to cover the Ka `bah during Hajj season. For the purposes of kiswah often dimpor Yemen or Egypt. Perpetuate a tradition since before the birth of Islam, historian of Mecca, al-Fasi related that the Prophet Muhammad covered the Kaaba with al-thiyab al-Khalifah successor Yamaniyah and clothe the Kaaba with clothing made of linen of Egypt.

Nevertheless, local and manufacture decorative inlay that often arises is ornate and intricate inlay. Caliph Uthman ibn Affan introduced brocade decorative embellishment on kiswah, a habit that appeared to have experienced increased growth over time rumitdengan. Although kiswah not until the early fourteenth century, according to al-Fasi, that the Qur'anic text first appeared. However Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. and his successor Caliph committed to manufacturing quality and frugality in producing kiswah, this event has been running until now.

In the past one year installation kiswah two or three times. Kiswah long kiswah closed with a new one. Since the Caliph Al-Nasir, Caliph Abasiyah start putting kiswah tradition at the Kaaba with one kiswah, until now. When the Caliph Abasiyah perform the pilgrimage at 160 after hijra, see the pile kiswah can damage the Kaaba itself. Then he decided to use only one kiswah. Caliph Al Ma'mun replaced kiswah three times per year, with a different color. 8 Dhulhijjah red, white gabati for 1 Rajab and red lace on 29 Ramadan.

By analogy, the relative costs, on average, with modern automated technology, khiswah-most new black, 5 pieces of silk cloth covering 658 square meters are needed to produce each year equivalent to 4.5 U.S. dollars U.S. dollars and takes more than 200 employees. Previously mentioned that women's clothing 100 dinars and dirhams in 1000 used thiyab said at the time of the Prophet Muhammad, not the sheet mentioned the Prophet's grandfather's grave reported plated with 1000 mistqal (4250 grams) of gold which has been known for its beauty has an amazing price.

source:http://journal.amikom.ac.id

TEXTILE INDUSTRY (1)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Textile industry in the Hejaz is the industry forward. Weaving is an art form in the middle of developing early Arabia because the availability of raw materials. Wool is abundant as a material for making yarn, used local craftsmen weave into household goods and clothing. Dye and sewing clothes is also a key sub-sectors of this industry. Bukhari presents several chapters in his book about the work they do. Some Sahabat Rasulullah s.a.w. , Among Ubaidillah, Caliph Abu Bakr and Caliph `Uthman ibn` Affan a clothing merchant who market their products in the market of Medina. Messenger s.a.w. mention the types of clothing when asked by a man of Ihram clothing.

Ibn Umar r.a. said that a man asked the Prophet about the clothing worn by people who Ihram, the Prophet said: "Do you wear gamis / dress, turban, pants, headgear and shoes. For those who do not have slippers, so-so wearing sandals with cut lower than the ankles. Do not wear clothes that are anointed with oil za'faran or minak wars "(Muslim).

This is a real regional sectors, both in trade and in production. Al-Waqidi mensitir that supplies from a dealer about 1,500 items of clothing and 20 bales of clothing sold in Yemen during the Medina Prophet and at the time of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. no less than 7 caravan trade with Syria clothing that arrived in Medina every day. Similarly, the Egyptian textile makes a good trade route along the road they are on the various markets the Hijaz. Slavery comes in close contact due to the production of clothing that people do the Hijaz. Al-Isfahani states that `Umar bin Abi Rabi` ah has 70 slaves who were included in the areas of weaving, a member of the Children of slaves hired Makhsum for the same purpose and the rest are involved in weaving palm leaves into baskets, and dates and other bermafaat products.

source:http://journal.amikom.ac.id

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT and tanneries

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Resources are abundant in the mid-early in the Hijaz, both animal and meat processing for jacket leather manufacturing industry and make tannery flourished. Finally craftsman leather buy leather clothes from local tanners to make tents, saddles, bridles, scabbards, backpacks, clothing, shoes, sandals, belts, bags, where food, cover the floor, where water, bottles and other places. Well-known merchant in the field of leather clothing was Abu Sufyan ibn Harb danAyyub al-Sakhtiyani. Profession as a tanner can be done by men and women. In the letter of the Qur'an An-Nahl verse 5-7: And He has created cattle for you, to him there (feathers) that warms and various benefits (skin, milk, etc..) And sebahagiannya you eat. And you get a beautiful view of him, when you take him to the cage and when you let go to pasture. And they carry your heavy loads to a land which ye could not reached him, but with the difficulties (the tire) themselves. Verily your Lord is Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Similarly, in surat Al Mu'minun verses 79-80: It is Allah Who made cattle for you, for you sebahagiannya drive, you sebahagiannya to eat. And (there again) various other benefits (skin, milk, fur, etc..) For you and that you achieve a purpose which is stored in the liver with the drive. And you can be transported by riding the animals, and by riding the ark.

Making goods from the skin is an important part in the Taif region, a region famous for its product quality is widely truly favored by the export market, not only in Ukaz Market and surrounding area, but also Syria, Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Iraq and Abissinia. In this trade, reported that Hashim ibn `Abd Manaf started his business career by obtaining an official permit to sell goods from leather in the Byzantine Syria in the region. Similarly, `Amr ibn al-` As and businessman Hijaz selling goods from leather in Egypt and Abissinia.

An abundance of both pets and wild animals, which combined with a suitable climate makes Ta'if region as a center of natural leather processing and leather goods production. In addition, qaraz tree, which produces a substance used in tanning comes both from the Hijaz and Najd. This product comes with a high demand, Prophet Muhammad's Companions, Sa'd al Qaraz reported to mediate this product trade. Mecca and Medina is also the area of industrial development and manufacture of tanning leather goods, importing qaraz from Wadi al-`Aqiq, near Medina. Sales of leather goods in the regional market in general is increasing and reached its peak in the pilgrimage season.

source:http://journal.amkom.ac.id

Blacksmith INDUSTRY

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

The availability of iron ore and copper in significant amounts in the Arabian Peninsula, is a blacksmith's craft work in many cities and villages in the sixth and seventh centuries in the Hijaz. Production of this form kerajianan weapons, equipment, furniture and various other articles of iron, as well as local kitchen equipment from copper and copper pipes. Pre-Islamic poetry praising the power of the iron craftsman. When in the early seventh century, the Arab conquests, the demand for weapons at that time increased sharply. Weapons include swords, shields, arrow heads and other war equipment. Iron was also imported from India and Persia through Basra, used to produce war equipment. At the time of the birth of Islam, iron handicraft industry is an industry in the Hijaz kerajianan prominent people. No less than 30 blacksmith doing business at the time of the Messenger of Allah of Khaibar. After the war Huanain at 630, a Roman slave who specializes in metal craft, named Al-Azraq bin '' Uqbah al-Thaqafi after defected to the Muslims and converted to Islam, his name became famous in the kerajianan. Al Azdi reported that a large metal dealers operating in Madina at the time it went well.

Local metal handicrafts show outstanding growth. Banu Qurayzah conquest by Muslim armies in 626, reported a 1500 booty sword, spear, 2000, 300 armor and 500 shields. Three thousand spears are also used in the war Hunayn at 630, in the battle, troops Prophet using armor provided by Safwan bin Umayyad.

The Qur'an contains things related to armor, as in the letter of Saba 'verse 11: "Make the armor that large-scale and measure the basket and do good works. Indeed I see what you do. "

"And We taught him to make armor for you, to keep you in peperanganmu. So should you give thanks (to Allah) "(Al-Anbiya ': 80).

"And We sent down iron which it is a great strength and many benefits for mankind" (Al-Hadid: 25).

Prophet Muhammad's son, Ibrahim every day taken care of by the wife of a blacksmith, Abu Sayf. Khabbab ibn al-Aratt is someone who is a specialist makes a sword, he made a sword'Isa bin al-Wa'il, head of the tribe of Banu Jumah. Marzuq al-Sayqal, as a metal polisher and also that adorned the Prophet Muhammad's sword is known as Zulfikar. Ibn Sa'd reported that the sword came from the spoils of war from Badr Qurays. Walid ibn al-Mughirah, al-`As ibn Hisham and al-Azraq bin` 'Uqbah Thaqafi al-Arab is a blacksmith who is known in history. According to al-Baladhuri, they were slaves who had been freed by the Prophet Muhammad when occupying Ta'if.

source:http://journal.amkom.ac.id

INDUSTRY Jewelry (2)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract


Anas ibn Malik narrated that the Arabs passionate appreciation of glassware from gold and silver at the moment, the Prophet Muhammad thought forced to ban the manufacture and use gold and silver to show off that reducing religious observance.

Jewelry makers generally are Jews of Bani Bainuqa who lived in Medina section. The city is known in particular, because the precious metal craftsmen in the early Middle Ages. Al-Salihi al-Shami related that when the Prophet Muhammad Children subjected Bainuqa 'in Medina, he obtained a large number of booty in the sword, equipment for making jewelry and blacksmith tools. Al-Wakidi also confirmed that the main products sold in the market of Banu Qainuq 'before the birth of Islam is the jewelry, arrows, spears and swords. Of course, jewelry craftsmen together Medina gold craftsmen from Fadak and Khaibar is regionally well known in the quality of their work. Al-Zubalah Ibn Samhudi mensitir stated that there are more than 300 craftsmen jewelry at that time, only in al-Venus is located in the outskirts of Medina.

Mecca, Taif and Wadi al-Qura reported jewelry industry there are also large enough. Jewelry products in the region favored by the form of pasar.Produk rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets hand and foot and other jewelry. Zainab bint al Thaqafiyah reported Mu'wiyah have a gold necklace that weighs more than 20 mistqal (more than 85 grams).

Gold and silver plating are also handicrafts made by craftsmen in the mid-Hijaz early. Sword of the Prophet Muhammad used s.a.w. which is entered into the famous city of Mecca in 630, explained that the sword was studded with gold and silver. The sword of Abu Jahl, who was captured as spoils of war of Badr in 624, said to have similar decoration. Spear and shield are also decorated with gold and silver. Al-Azraqi, al-Fasi, and al-Qutbi stated that at the time before the emergence of Islam, the head of the Quraysh tribe will be proud to decorate the cover of the Kaaba with gold and silver, even to this day.

source:http://journal.amkom.ac.id

INDUSTRY Jewelry (1)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Non-agriculture-based industries in the early medieval Hijaz quite varied, ranging from mining to hunting and fishing, construction and manufacturing and other production companies. Of the various companies, indigenous manufacturing companies is an industrial sector that consists of several sub-sector. Hijaz craftsmen involved in commodity production activities important choices that can be marketed. Important sub-sector include jewelry, blacksmith, tannery, textile and perfume.

Industrial jewelry from gold and silver well developed in the Hijaz, so that the profession as a jeweler of gold and silver. People liked the decor of the Hijaz precious metals and the Qur'an mentions many gold and silver is a very valuable item.

"They are (the people) for their paradise 'Eternity, rivers flowing beneath, in heaven, they were adorned with gold bracelets and they wear green garments of fine silk and thick silk, while they sat and rested on couches, a beautiful gold. That's the reward the best and beautiful place of rest "(Al-Kahf: 31). "Verily Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds, to Gardens underneath which rivers flow. In heaven they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls and their garments of silk "(Al-Hajj: 23). Similarly, in a letter Faathir verse 33: "(For them) Paradise 'Eternity, merekamasuk into it, in which they be adorned with bracelets of gold and pearls and their garments of silk"

"Released to their plates of gold and goblets, and in heaven there is all that is desired by the liver and delicious (viewed) and eye to dwell therein" (Az-Zukhruf: 71).

Conversely, if gold and silver are not dinafkahkan in the way of Allah will be punished, as dalamAl Qur'an: "And those who keep gold and silver and not in the way of Allah menafkahkannya, Tell it to them (that they will have) a painful doom "(At-Tauba: 34).

source:http://journal.amkom.ac.id

PRODUCTION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE (1)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Production generated by the Hijaz (Mecca, Medina and Taif) covering agriculture and industry. In the first century until the seventh century BC, the agricultural sector has a crucial role in the Hijaz. Diatandai agricultural area with trees, shrubs, grasses and plants and soil with oasenya. Include Wialayah Ta'if, al-Nakhlah, Khaybar, Fadak, Turabah, Yanbu `, Wadi al-Qura, Al-Suwarqiyah, Wadi al-` Aqiq, across the Medina. Areas' Asir to the south is historisjuga serves as the bread supplier to Western Arabia. Agricultural production in this region produces grain (grain) include wheat, barley, sorghum, alfalfa, various vegetables, citrus and other fruits in the form of wine, olives, dates and pomegranates.

Taif called Al-Qalqashandi which is land sejwengkal God of Heaven who brought from Syria to the Hijaz. Areas with 200-450 millimeters of rainfall per year is an area known as the grapes and raisins are owned by the Mu `awiyah bin Abi Sufyan,` Abd Allah ibn Abbas, `Abbas ibn` Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib and `Amr ibn al - `As. Similarly Medina as a quality exporter of wine made from dates and grapes that have been legendary. Booty obtained from the caravan of Muslim troops as occupying Qurays al Taif Nakhlah is wine, raisin and leather goods.

Dates or other products are not only used as food ingredients, but also a kind of currency used to settle debt payments. Because of durability, raisins are food very good, both as a commodity and consumer goods, is part of a long-term trading and is a suitable food for the military expedition.

Taif is an area of major agricultural industries, as mentioned in the Qur'an: With it, we grow for you gardens of date-palms and grapes, in the gardens that ye have fruits that much and a party of the fruit you eat (Al Mu'minun: 19).

Various distinguished empowerment Hijaz region, as mentioned in the Qur'an, such as dates, grapes, grains, fruits and vegetables from around Medina dihasilakn. Taif is famous for fruits and dates famous quantity and quality. Khaibar was famous kurmanya and Dumatul Jandal (currently Jawf) is an area that has the ability to produce the best dates cereal.

source:http://journal.amikom.ac.id

PRODUCTION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE (1)

Mohammad Suyanto 

Abstract

Production generated by the Hijaz (Mecca, Medina and Taif) covering agriculture and industry. In the first century until the seventh century BC, the agricultural sector has a crucial role in the Hijaz. Diatandai agricultural area with trees, shrubs, grasses and plants and soil with oasenya. Include Wialayah Ta'if, al-Nakhlah, Khaybar, Fadak, Turabah, Yanbu `, Wadi al-Qura, Al-Suwarqiyah, Wadi al-` Aqiq, across the Medina. Areas' Asir to the south is historisjuga serves as the bread supplier to Western Arabia. Agricultural production in this region produces grain (grain) include wheat, barley, sorghum, alfalfa, various vegetables, citrus and other fruits in the form of wine, olives, dates and pomegranates.

Taif called Al-Qalqashandi which is land sejwengkal God of Heaven who brought from Syria to the Hijaz. Areas with 200-450 millimeters of rainfall per year is an area known as the grapes and raisins are owned by the Mu `awiyah bin Abi Sufyan,` Abd Allah ibn Abbas, `Abbas ibn` Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib and `Amr ibn al - `As. Similarly Medina as a quality exporter of wine made from dates and grapes that have been legendary. Booty obtained from the caravan of Muslim troops as occupying Qurays al Taif Nakhlah is wine, raisin and leather goods.

Dates or other products are not only used as food ingredients, but also a kind of currency used to settle debt payments. Because of durability, raisins are food very good, both as a commodity and consumer goods, is part of a long-term trading and is a suitable food for the military expedition.

Taif is an area of major agricultural industries, as mentioned in the Qur'an: With it, we grow for you gardens of date-palms and grapes, in the gardens that ye have fruits that much and a party of the fruit you eat (Al Mu'minun: 19).


Various distinguished empowerment Hijaz region, as mentioned in the Qur'an, such as dates, grapes, grains, fruits and vegetables from around Medina dihasilakn. Taif is famous for fruits and dates famous quantity and quality. Khaibar was famous kurmanya and Dumatul Jandal (currently Jawf) is an area that has the ability to produce the best dates cereal.

source: http://journal.amikom.ac.id